The Sub-Ice Algal Communities of the Barents Sea Pack Ice: Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Biomass and Species

This work summarizes ice algal studies, presented as biomass and species temporal spatial distribution, during 11 cruises conducted between 1986 2012. The majority of the was found loosely attached sub-ice layers, sampling required diving. A maximum 40 mg chlorophyll m−2 15.4 × 109 cells measured in May. diversity separated zones based on thickness, with highest biodiversity medium-thick 30–80 cm. Nitzschia frigida most common species. There a significant positive relationship dominance this it dominated completely thick ice. Other species, such N. promare Fossulaphycus arcticus reacted oppositely, by becoming less dominant ice, but correlation total cell numbers number these three indicated that they would likely dominate populations. Melosira arctica several times below annual Algae occurred from top to bottom floes infiltration very low inside bipolar dinoflagellates Polarella glacialis inhabited both vegetative cysts. layers detached sank late spring when melting started. sediments form an important food source for benthic animals throughout year. Fjord populations survive winter probably next year’s inoculum. few ‘over-summer’ sheltered locations might provide supplementary amphipods summer. future faith flora is discussed view warmer climate, increased Arctic cover.